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Incomplete tasks and the Zeigarnik Effect

Zeigarnik effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wikipedia says:

The Zeigarnik effect states that people remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones.

Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik first studied the phenomenon after noticing that waiters seemed to remember orders only so long as the order was in the process of being served.

Further elucidated by errtravel:

While sitting in a restaurant in Vienna—every good story about a psychologist takes place in Vienna—Bluma Zeigarnik noticed that a waiter could remember a seemingly endless number of items that had been ordered by his customers. However, once he had delivered the orders to the waiting diners, he no longer remembered what he had just served….

Though Zeigarnik didn’t get her coffee cup refilled following her meal, she did get into the annals of psychology. Zeigarnik theorized that an incomplete task or unfinished business creates “psychic tension” within us. This tension acts as a motivator to drive us toward completing the task or finishing the business. In Gestalt terms, we are motivated to seek “closure…”

Apparently you can game the Zeigarnik Effect for more effective studying, employ it to goose your direct marketing plan, or just consider it as one excellent explanation for the allure of multi-tasking.

In any case, it’s a fascinating idea and sure would account for why it feels so worthwhile to “close the loop” whenever you can.

[ via Company23 ]


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Mark Morgan's picture

Doesn't it seem, though that...

Doesn’t it seem, though that once you finished your break and completed your studying that you would close the loop and dump the info from your mind again? Or is that just me?

Victo's picture

hmmm... I was a waitress...

hmmm… I was a waitress for 10 years. I kind of agree with this, I recognized it as a skill many years ago. Ha..! Waiting table is ALL about “closing the loop”, one after another, for hours, until the last customer.

You take the order, run around and do your thing, until the order comes up. Yes, there is a sort of tension… Table #8 is hanging around in your mind, until you get them served.

However, while alot of tension is relieved upon serving the food, the tension doesn’t completely disappear until the check is paid and the customer leaves.

Depends on how define the completedness of a given task…

Also, I could remember specific orders for days aftewards, but only if reminded or questioned about an order.

Koert Zeilstra's picture

If you're expecting a coffee...

If you’re expecting a coffee refill in Vienna (Austria), you can wait a long time, because you won’t get one in Europe. I guess the story was made up by some silly american. :-)

Patrik Svedberg's picture

Re-fill sounds like re-cycling -...

Re-fill sounds like re-cycling - and that’s the way coffee tastes in places you get a refill. ;-) (and the meal before, too)

Jonas's picture

"Europe" is a big place...

“Europe” is a big place now. The coffee re-fill, or “påtår”, is an old and cherished tradition in Sweden (and other places in the north?). Modern continental coffee houses are frowned upon when not offering this.

nickster's picture

If that's truly the case,...

If that’s truly the case, I can think of a few tasks right now that I can’t wait to forget all about.

Rian's picture

The same idea applies to...

The same idea applies to cashiers as well. You remember how much change you need to come up with, but as soon as you hand it to the customer, it’s done. Two seconds later if someone were to ask you the amount of change you’d just given someone, you’d have no idea.

Kristen's picture

FINALLY, science explains why turning...

FINALLY, science explains why turning the alarm clock off mid-song = that song is stuck in my head all day.

Michael's picture

As an undergrad in cognitive...

As an undergrad in cognitive psych, my advisor told me that since the original study, researchers trying to reproduce the Zeigarnik effect have had varied results. Experimental studies still have not determined the characteristics of tasks (tasks to be performed vs tasks to be recalled verbally, length of task—seconds vs minutes, etc.) which may show this effect.

santellana's picture

Utter nonsense! I mean, it’s...

Utter nonsense! I mean, it’s pretty obvious that the fatal flaw in this little premise is OH WOW! My coworker just brought in donuts!

About Merlin Mann

Merlin Mann's picture

Bio

Merlin Mann is an independent writer, speaker, and broadcaster. He’s best known for being the guy who started the website you’re reading right now. He lives in San Francisco, does lots of public speaking, and helps make cool things like You Look Nice Today. Also? He looks like this, answers questions, and has something like a life.

Merlin’s favorite thing he’s written recently is a short essay called, “Better.”

 
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