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Grids, The Rule of Thirds, and Rethinking Slide Presentations

'Presentation Zen' by Garr Reynolds

Presentation Zen
by Garr Reynolds

I received my contributor copy of Garr Reynolds’s Presentation Zen book last week and proceeded to devour it over the weekend. A fuller review is coming to this space soon, because this is the book about presentations that’s needed to be written for years, and it’s just fantastic. Best of all it’s not another recipe book about “how to make slides” — this is about re-imagining how your entire presentation will work together as a persuasive and integrated show, from conception through delivery. Awesome.

Anyhow, with my inaugural Macworld talk looming on the horizon (T-minus 16 days, thanks), I’ve been inspired by Garr’s book (and the top-notch site on which it’s based) to, among other things, try revamping the approach to how slides fit in to my overall show. As I said on the Twitter, that starts with shit-canning the PowerPoint-y Keynote templates I’ve previously torn up and pasted together for stuff like Inbox Zero (here’s the slides for that one, which Garr was kind enough to feature in his book).

But, now, rather than strictly trying to reinvent the wheel, I have a quest. A quest for a crazy-simple, design-centric Keynote template that’s more about composition than gradients and 3-D bullet points. Ever heard of The Rule of Thirds?

Yeah, you probably have. Like the wikipedia article says:

The rule of thirds is a compositional rule of thumb in photography and other visual arts such as painting. The rule states that an image can be divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines. The four points formed by the intersections of these lines can be used to align features in the photograph.

Here’s a good example off that wikip page. (image by Moondigger [CC-By-SA-2.5])

And the one-third grid works. So much so that in apps like iPhoto ‘08, the Crop tool automagically adds a Rule of Thirds overlay grid to help you improve the composition of your cropped image. Go ahead, try it.

The Rule of Thirds (and the related Golden Ratio) have come up on Garr’s site before, and on page 151 of his book, he talks about how a grid like this can provide a level of light constraint that makes your layout easier and more harmonious:

Using grids to divide your slide “canvas” into thirds, for example, is an easier way to approach golden-mean proportions, and you can use the grids to align the elements that give the overall design balance, a clear flow and point of focus, and a natural overall cohesiveness and aesthetic quality that is not accidental but is by design.

And, how. So, I want this for Keynote.

I’ve begun lightly noodling with a new set of Masters that’s built around a Rule of Thirds grid (trashing the whole Center MacCentercenter approach), but before I get ahead of myself, I figure why not cast my line towards the more gifted waters of the LazyWeb first…

The Question to You

Have you tried using grids like the Rule of Thirds in your own slide decks? Got a favorite layout or inspiring grid structure that works well for a slide’s aspect ratio? Got great advice on getting out of the stock slide template look? Links to graphical examples welcomed. Winning high-five goes to folks who are willing to share the actual Keynote template they’ve used.


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leosmith's picture

My Favorite Template

I enjoy your blog, which I actually found through Garr Reynolds's blog. I have gone through a number of Keynote templates through the years, including designing my own. After all was said and done, I have pretty much completely moved over to the "Bevel" theme over at:

http://www.keynotethemepark.com/content/pages/set8.html

There are many beautiful themes over at this site (some more distracting than others), but I find that the masters in this theme are the perfect mix, with single images as backgrounds, to combine simplicity and aesthetics.

bmccaff's picture

I'd love to break free from presentation templates, but...

When I give presentations to seniors in my organization, I often have to use an official template for the briefing. These are usually “quad charts” that are slides divided into four quadrants that usually contain what my purpose is, what the schedule and costs are and so on. They’re miserable information conveyance devices, they have very small text (a poor choice for an audience of people that are all 40+) and constrain the briefer’s delivery.

The stated purpose of these quad charts is to present information quickly and concisely both during the briefing and for those that see the slides later.

I’d love to go free-form, but…

thannclark's picture

Rule of Thirds...?

As a photographer, I have a love/hate relationship with the rule of thirds, it's not a rule, it's more of a guideline. It should always be presented as "sometimes an image is more interesting when the main subject is placed on one of the grid lines"

In your example, also notice that the photographer is using another compositional "rule" or concept, that is a ratio of 2/3rds sky to 1/3 earth (water in this shot). This gives the sky a nice open feel, with the earth not weighing down the composition too much. Imagine what the image would look like if the tree were positioned in the upper left corner. It would still follow the rule of thirds, but it wouldn't be as strong.

One of the best explanations of when to use and not use the "rule of thirds" comes from an excellent book,"Universal Principles of Design" by
Lidwell, Holden, and Butler where they suggest not to use the rule of thirds when there is a "...strong Primary element that is reinforced by the surrounding space"

Since I believe that presentation slides are read and scanned more like magazine ads with a mixture of text and images, and less like straight photographs I would be more likely to apply the rules of graphic design, and less likely to use the rules of photographic composition.

After all as I photographer I make an assumption that any viewer will be able to see my entire photograph, so I can compose freely. When I construct presentations, I have to assume that the lower portion of my slide may be obstructed in some way. Either the screen is too low for the audience, or someone's head or hat may block part of the slide. In this case I may lose impact if I put valuable information in the lower part of my slide.

I highly recommend the book "Type & Layout: Are you communicating or just making pretty shapes?" For a scientific look on how to create with words and images in ways that get your message across.

In general I don't think the "rule of thirds" is a good concept to use when designing slides, unless you are talking about placing a photo on the upper right intersection of the grid. It would depend on what the goal of any slide is. There may be many examples where it is a good idea. I am guessing we shall see.

Merlin Mann's picture

Thanks for the comment —

Thanks for the comment — great resource.

Personally, I found the “Rule of Threes” examples Garr used in his book persuasive. You can see similar slides in the links to his site above if you’re curious whether it works.

What I’m ultimately looking for is a grid that is very flexible and simple. And it strikes me that, short of two centered, perpendicular lines, you couldn’t have a simpler or more flexible grid than applying the Rule of Threes.

What I probably should have said in the post is that, IMO, most PowerPoint-style templates presume that the speaker is mostly interested in a) turning an outline into a slide show that b) will not require any manual changes or hand-formatting and that c) has lots of cool (as opposed to warm) colors and things that make the slide look a little 3-dimensional.

Just seems to me that while there are countless grids out there for print and even the web, there haven’t been many jumping off points for slides — especially grid-informed templates where typographical composition and flexible layout are given more attention than making something purple and orange with dingbatty bullets. :-)

Scott_Skibell's picture

Example

I do like the rule of thirds and would like to see it incorporated into Keynote too. I tried to incorporate them myself in this presentation.

I took the concepts from both Presentation Zen & Beyond Bullet Points and created a presentation that I’ll be giving Thursday. Here is a link to the 32 seconds showing the slides on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6aj8X1N1qg

I personally struggled with the BBP concept. I like the whole story idea but can’t get past some of the formatting. My Presentation Zen book is on it’s way from Amazon though and I’m looking forward to learning more.

Scott

rtlbs's picture

"rule of 1/3" = focus on the *space*

There is a tendency (perhaps culturally weighted) for camera lenses to get dumbly pointed at “things” (inc. horizons).

Images are more interesting if they focus on the space.

The “rule of 1/3rds” really just means, shift the lens a bit, and look at the space.

Rather than obediently calibrating everything to formulaic compliance with 0.3333 in all directions, it may be better to simply focus on the space, and frame it in the way that seems to work best.

Berko's picture

Maybe I’m missing

Maybe I’m missing something, but aren’t most of the picture-and-bullets masters in Keynote using rule of thirds composition? If so, you might be able to use those as a jumping off point.

johnfitzgerald's picture

I’d support thannclark’s

I’d support thannclark’s view to an extent- as another photographer/designer, I think the ‘Rule of Thirds’ can feel too much of a constraint at times.

However, I can also see that a powerpoint pres will need a very bold grid, and one that’s easy to work with. So I wouldn’t get too bothered by criticisms of the rule of thirds in your case. Especially since most screens are 3:2 aspect- ideal for the rule of thirds.

Finally, your previous slides weren’t that bad- I liked the use of a single ‘iconic’ image- much more memorable than lots of clutter and detail.

Go well

fonnesbeck's picture

Presentations and the Golden Ratio in OmniGraffle

In an effort to create more effective presentations, I have abandoned the Powerpoint/Keynote environment altogether and started using OmniGraffle for creating slides. Most of my presentations are geared toward presenting rather complex scientific principles to rather non-technical audiences, so a move away from bullet points and text-laden presentations was critical. I find that using Omnigraffle, while it lacks some of the niceties like timers and presenter notes, pushes me to create slides from scratch, based on the particular information that I am trying to communicate, rather than forcing my ideas into pre-defined templates. I make heavy use of the drawing and flow chart tools within OG, which are far better than those in Keynote.

I too was impressed by Garr’s golden ratio principle, and implemented a 3x3 layer within OG that I simply turn off when it is time to present. I use it regularly, and find that it improves the consistency of the presentation.

Merlin Mann's picture

Great idea! Thinking I’ll

Great idea! Thinking I’ll use OG to make guides, and then trace it in Keynote.

About Merlin Mann

Merlin Mann's picture

Bio

Merlin Mann is an independent writer, speaker, and broadcaster. He’s best known for being the guy who started the website you’re reading right now. He lives in San Francisco, does lots of public speaking, and helps make cool things like You Look Nice Today. Also? He looks like this, answers questions, and has something like a life.

Merlin’s favorite thing he’s written recently is a short essay called, “Better.”

 
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